OVEVIEW OF THE DISEASE
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is mainly seen in HIV infected persons when compare to other people. Tuberculosis can remain in an inactive state for many years without spreading infection to other people. In some cases it can be contagious too. Tuberculosis is mainly spreads through sputum that is through air borne infection, and through droplet infection. The disease mainly spreads through sneezing, cough, and at the time even while talking. When tuberculosis bacteria enter into the lungs it causes local lung infection. Due to this infection the lymph nodes become enlarge and thus tuberculosis can spread to other parts of the body.
TYPES OF TUBERCULOSIS
There are different types of tuberculosis which includes
1. Tuberculosis lymphadenitis
2. Tuberculosis meningitis
3. Gastro intestinal tuberculosis
4. Cutaneous tuberculosis
CAUSES
Tuberculosis is mainly caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Spread mainly through air borne infections while talking, sneezing, and coughing.
SYMPTOMS
Tuberculosis symptoms mainly includes
1.Systemic symptoms such as
Loss of appetite
Loss of weight
Night sweating
Fever
2.And symptoms include
Chest pain
Coughing up blood
DIAGNOSIS
Tuberculosis can be treated for long time and needs 3-4 drugs in all cases.
1. Sputum examination
2. Tuberculin test
3. Chest X-ray
4. Elisa test
TREATMENT
Tuberculosis can be treated by taking good nutrition, by taking drugs regularly and by completing the course prescribed by the doctor to improve the immune system.
RECOVERY
After affecting with this disease, the patients can recovery if he follows the prescription recommended by the doctor without any fail.
PREVENTION
Tuberculosis can be prevented by minimizing exposure of infections such as air borne, droplet infection. And also vitamin-D plays the major role preventing the disease tuberculosis. Vitamin-D helps in killing a tuberculosis bacterium with the help of natural borne killer of tuberculosis bacteria. The prevention of tuberculosis and recognition of symptoms plays major role. In Canada 1600 cases are recorded annually. People with very good immune system cannot develop primary infection up to the immune cells get damaged. The bacteria affect the immune system, when it is weakened, and thus bacteria attacks and weaken the immune system. A person such as diabetic, drug addicts, and small children will have weak immune system thus easily gets infected with tuberculosis disease.
Tuberculosis can be treated in many cases. Some of the cases can be treated by taking the time period of at least six months with antibiotics. Most recent researches told that by using PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tuberculosis can be treated. And also by giving BCG vaccination to the children’s at the time of their childhood prevents the tuberculin infection. And also by providing good ventilation in the public places reduces the spread of Bacteria. Thus we can minimize the infection in this way and also with the help of other preventive measures we can prevent tuberculosis disease. One of the commonest and basic treatments is combination of more antibiotics.